Domestic Wastewater Treatment: A Comparison between an Integrated Hybrid UASB-IFAS System and a Conventional UASB-AS System

The current study presents a detailed evaluation and comparison between two integrated anaerobic–aerobic systems for biological wastewater treatment under equal conditions in all aspects (wastewater characteristics, climatic conditions, reactor sizing, even the measurement methods). examined are (i) hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (hybrid UASB) coupled with fixed-film activated (IFAS) (ii) conventional UASB (AS). present comparative aims to evaluate assess effect of adding carrier-filling media on performance classical UASB-AS. parallel pilot-scale systems, UASB-IFAS UASB-AS, were installed operated at plant. Three sets experiments conducted examine influence hydraulic retention time (HRT) consequent organic loads, temperature, recirculation rate proposed systems. main results showed that investigated had comparably high efficiency removal matters ammonia. Moreover, paired sample t-test indicated there was statistically significant filling media, increased significantly compared UASB-AS system. An additional benefit system its stability when changing loads. optimum HRT 6 h, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) percentage approximately 95% both Treatment sewage low temperatures increasing temperature improved overall process significantly.